In 1963, unemployed twenty-two-year-old Ernesto Miranda was arrested for stealing $8 from a bank employee in Phoenix, Arizona.
While in custody, he was picked from a lineup by a young woman who said he had kidnapped and raped her.
After two hours of interrogation, the police gained a confession from Miranda.
The U.S. Supreme Court threw out the confession because Miranda had not been advised of his right against self-incrimination.